Congress Reports

ESHonline Coverage, based on selected sessions at the:
American Heart Association 2005 Annual Scientific Sessions
November 13-16, 2005, Dallas, Texas

This activity is not sanctioned by, nor a part of, the American Heart Association.
 
 
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OmniHeart Study: Cardiovascular risk reduced by modifications to the DASH diet

November 15, 2005—Blood pressure reduction, improved cholesterol levels, and a reduced 10-year risk of heart disease by 16-21% were associated with diets that emphasized protein and unsaturated fats in patients with pre-hypertension and stage 1 hypertension. The Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease (OmniHeart) study was presented by Dr. Lawrence J. Appel, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland at the 2005 Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, held in Dallas, Texas from November 13-16. It was published simultaneously in the November 16 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. The study was supported by the NHLBI.

The three diets in OmniHeart followed the principles of the DASH diet. One modification emphasized carbohydrates (55% of calories), the second emphasized protein (10% of calories), and the third emphasized monounsaturated fats (10% of calories). One-half of the protein calories came from plant sources. Saturated fats were limited to less than 6% of calories. The study was a 3-period crossover, with the patients following each diet for 6 weeks. All of the food was prepared by a metabolic kitchen and given to the patients, and on weekdays all patients ate their main meal onsite.

The 164 adult participants had blood pressures between 120-159 mmHg systolic and 80-99 mmHg. Weight and pre-study were maintained at baseline levels throughout the study to avoid confounding the effect of the diets.
                                                                                               
Compared to baseline, all three diets reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 8.2 to 9.2 mmHg and LDL by 11.6 to 14.2 mg/dL. Compared to the carbohydrate diet, the protein diet further reduced SBP by 1.4 mmHg overall and reduced LDL by 3.3 mg/dL overall, but HDL was significantly decreased by about 1.4 mg/dL. Compared to the carbohydrate diet, the unsaturated diet further reduced SBP by 1.3 mmHg overall, did not significantly effect LDL, and raised HDL by 1.1 mg/dL.

The protein diet, compared to baseline and the carbohydrate diet reduced triglycerides by about 16% mg/dL and the unsaturated diet by about 9 mg/dL.

Macronutrients also affect blood pressure, said Appel, along with salt, potassium, weight, alcohol, and the DASH diet.

OmniPress study slides pdf

 
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